Bloodstream infection complicating trauma.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is recognized as an important infectious complication of major trauma. However, its occurrence, the risk factors contributing to its development, and its outcomes have not been well described. DESIGN: Cohort with linkage of regional trauma and microbiology databases. PATIENTS: Adult trauma patients with injury severity score (ISS) > or = 12 admitted to a regional trauma centre during a 33-month period. RESULTS: Of 1797 victims of acute trauma identified (median ISS 20; interquartile range [IQR] 16-25), 71 (4%) had 77 episodes of BSI, for an overall rate of 2.9 per 1000 hospital days. BSI in the majority of patients (37 of 72, or 52%) had onsets within the first week of hospitalization; 7 (10%) patients had community-acquired BSI (onset within 2 d). Independently associated with the development of nosocomial BSI were higher ISSs (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.07); requirement for ICU admission (OR 7.06, CI 3.38-14.75); and burns (OR 5.75, CI 2.16-15.30). Although trauma-related BSI was a predictor of increased in-hospital case fatality (15/71 v. 208/1726; relative risk 1.75, CI 1.10-2.78), it was not an independent predictor of death. CONCLUSION: In our series, 1 in 25 major trauma cases was complicated by BSI. The infection occurred within the first week after injury in over half of our cases. Knowledge of the epidemiology of these infections will be important for planning preventive or early therapeutic efforts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".