Bibliographic record
Abstract
The covalent modification of cell proteins by the attachment of myristic acid, a 14 carbon saturated fatty acid, to their N-terminal amino acid is now recognized to be a widespread phenomenon ( 1 – 5 ). The enzyme responsible for the attachment of myristic acid to these proteins is myristoyl-CoA: Protein N -myristoyltransferase (NMT; EC 2.3.1.97). This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of myristic acid from myristoyl-CoA to the N-terminal amino acid of the target protein and results in the fatty acid being amide-bonded to the α-amino group of the amino acid. Because this transfer is susceptible to protein synthesis inhibitors, it must take place as the protein is synthesized ( 6 , 7 ). Data from the studies on both the sequence of known myristoylated proteins, and from those on the sequence requirements for NMT, suggests that the N-terminal amino acid is always a glycine residue ( 5 ). However the other sequence requirements for protein N-myristoylation are less certain and the resulting vague general consensus sequence is summarized in Fig. 1 . Although the majority of proteins that are substrates for NMT are myristoylated, the enzyme can make use of a limited range of other fatty acids, including shorter-chain and unsaturated fatty acids. In general, this occurs when these fatty acids form the majority of the acyl-CoA pool in a cell or tissue, for example, in the retina ( 8 ). For most practical purposes, however, NMT can be regarded as essentially specific for myristic acid. Permitted sequences for N-terminal myristoylation by mammalian NMT. The single-letter nomenclature for the amino acids has been used, and the permitted residues are based on the sequences of known myristoyl-proteins, as described by Rudnick et al. ( 5 ). The glycine at position 1 is obligatory. Serine is the most common amino acid found at position 5, and increases the affinity of yeast NMT for substrate peptides, but other amino acids are found here in mammalian myristoyl-proteins. Proline has not yet been found at position 6, nor have tryptophan or tyrosine been found at positions 7 and 8. Generally, acidic residues are not found at position 4. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".