Periodic Limb Movements in Children: Prevalence in a Referred Population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) in children referred for evaluation of sleep disorders. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of all overnight polysomnograms (PSG) performed at a tertiary-level pediatric care facility. SETTING: All PSG studies were performed in the pediatric sleep laboratory associated with the Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary, AB, Canada. The pediatric sleep laboratory was situated in the Foothills Hospital Alberta Lung Association Sleep Center until August 2002. At that time, the pediatric sleep laboratory was relocated to the Alberta Children's Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: All children of any age undergoing PSG for any reason between October 1999 and March 2003. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All PSG records were reviewed, and the following data was extracted: periodic limb movement index (PLM index), periodic limb movements with arousal index (PLM w/arousal index), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and patient demographics (age, sex, comorbidities). A total of 591 PSG studies were reviewed. Thirty-three of the 591 children (5.6%) had evidence of PLMs > 5 per hour. Twenty of the 33 (60.0%) had coexistent obstructive sleep apnea (AHI > 1/hour). Only 7 of the 591 children studied (1.2%) had evidence of PLM > 5 per hour with no other comorbidity. Two of 13 children with PLM > 5 per hour and no evidence of obstructive sleep apnea had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The prevalence of PLMS in the 28 of the 591 subjects with a preexisting diagnosis of ADHD was increased at 7.1%. CONCLUSIONS: PLMS is an uncommon disorder of childhood. In a select population at increased risk for having a sleep disorder, the prevalence of isolated PLMS is only 1.2%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".