Evolution of 3D Deformities in Adolescents with Progressive Idiopathic Scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to conduct an intrasubject longitudinal study quantifying the evolution of two- and three-dimensional geometrical scoliotic descriptors. The evolution of regional and local scoliotic descriptors was analyzed between two scoliotic visits on a cohort of 28 adolescents with progressive idiopathic scoliosis. Mean age at the first visit was 12.7 +/- 1.7 years old and averaged time interval between two assessments reached 22.8 +/- 10.8 months. Scoliotic descriptors were obtained from three-dimensionally reconstructed spines. The initial thoracic Cobb angle was on average 35.3 degrees +/- 8.4 degrees (range, 14 degrees-54 degrees). The evolution of spinal curvatures and vertebral deformities was assessed statistically in terms of descriptor absolute variations, and of descriptor variations normalized with respect to time and to the increase in Cobb angle. At the thoracic level, vertebral wedging increased with curve severity in a relatively consistent pattern for most scoliotic patients and axial rotation mainly increased towards curve convexity with scoliosis severity. No consistent evolution was associated with the angular orientation of the maximum wedging. Thoracic kyphosis changes (increase and decrease) were observed in important proportions. Results of this study challenge the existence of a typical scoliotic evolution pattern and suggest that the scoliotic evolution is quite variable and patient-specific.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".