Are Fluctations In Energy Consumption Transitory Or Permanent? Evidence From A Fourier Adf Unit Root Test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study analysis the stationarity of energy demand for 30 countries with annual data between 1960-2013 using the per capita energy consumption data acquired from kilogram petrol equivalent value. The per capita energy demand stationarity analysis is examined with the Fourier Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. The basic feature of the used econometric method is to include the unknown structural breaking features of the per capita energy demand to the analysis. The analysis results show that the energy demand are not stationary in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Holland, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, England and USA, so that the energy demand management policies have lasting and long term effects in these countries. It has been determined that the per capita energy demand series of the Czech Republic and South Africa are stationary and the energy demand policies in these countries won’t create long lasting effects but the energy demand predictions can be made by benefiting from the previous data of the energy demand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.043 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".