A Nation Beyond Borders: Lionel Groulx on French-Canadian Minorities by Michel Bock. Trans. Ferdinanda Van Gennip. Ottawa, Ontario: University of Ottawa Press, 2014. 277pp.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is not as much a biography of the leading French-Canadian clerical nationalist Lionel Groulx (1878Groulx ( -1967) ) as essentially a commentary upon and analysis of historiographical debates concerning his ideology and profuse writings (evidenced in dozens of books, even including novels, as well as innumerable articles, brochures, and lectures, not to mention personal correspondence).Indeed, Bock does a masterful job of making sense out of all of this.Simply put (and it is admittedly no easy task to simplify Groulx), Lionel Groulx became the leading advocate of a French-Canadian nationalism that long pursued, with messianic fervour, the notion of a French-Canadian nation (or even a French legacy in all of North America) based in, but not coterminous with Quebec (which he nevertheless viewed as a French state), extending historically to all French minorities on the continent.Covering the long lifespan of Groulx from his thirties during the First World War years through his eighties during the 1960s, the book astutely reveals the theoretical or ideological dilemmas which he consistently encountered.Groulx clearly viewed Quebec as a vital French homeland, while becoming increasingly wary of the politicization of this province, indicative of the provincialization of the nationalist movement.This, in turn, led to other basic ideological problems.Groulx was obviously more concerned with broader French-Canadian nationalism than with a narrower Québecois nationalism or more generalized Canadian patriotism; he wrote and lectured extensively on how Canadian federalism interfered with a more natural French-Canadian loyalty.The emphasis of Quebec at the expense of the far-flung French minorities in the other provinces and states became a long-lasting preoccupation of Groulx.Initially, and continually, he was very critical of Quebec's perceived failure to support this francophone diaspora more adequately, then eventually cautious about the movement to recognize Quebec as a "French state" (during the thirties), and finally the preoccupation with Quebec separatism (since the sixties).While Groulx was increasingly criticized by federalists as a supporter of Quebec separatism, on the one hand, in later years he expressed his apprehension over the development of Quebec separatism during the Quiet Revolution concomitant with a new emphasis on modernization through industrialization, educational reform, and especially an increasing anti-clericalism which undermined his prophetic view of French-Canadian destiny.Groulx believed that francophone minorities were an important extension of French Canada.His very traditionalistic nationalism emphasized the destiny and mission of all of French Canada, not just Quebec, so he devoted much of his energy and time to visiting and
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".