Robust Cooperative Secure Beamforming for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate cooperative secure beamforming for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks. We propose a joint cooperative beamforming (CB) and energy signal (CB-ES) scheme for providing both secure communication and efficient wireless energy transfer. By considering colluding eavesdroppers with imperfect channel state information (CSI), we formulate an optimization problem for maximizing the secrecy rate between the source and the legitimate information receiver (IR) under both the power constraints at the relays and the wireless power transfer constraint at the energy-harvesting receiver (ER). Since such a problem is nonconvex and hard to tackle, we propose a two-level optimization approach that involves a 1-D search and the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique to solve this problem. The proposed robust scheme is compared with some other nonrobust schemes, such as a CB and artificial noise (CB-AN) scheme and a perfect scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed robust scheme achieves better worst-case secrecy rate performance than the other nonrobust schemes and the CB-AN scheme, while it approaches the perfect scheme.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".