Penetrating and blast ear trauma: 7-year review of two pediatric practices.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with ear trauma in children. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective review of two practices from 2000 to 2007. SETTING: Pediatric tertiary care hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Micro-otoscopic findings and audiologic data. RESULTS: There were 18 cases of penetrating ear trauma (PET) and 6 cases of blast ear trauma (BET). The average age of the children with PET was 5 years. Fifteen of the 18 cases involved cotton-tipped applicators (CTAs); 8 patients had tympanic membrane perforations from CTA use. Six of the perforations healed spontaneously, and the other two patients were lost to follow-up. For 15 of the 18 PET patients, audiograms were available, and all eventually returned to normal. The average age of the six patients with BET was 11 years. BET caused five tympanic membrane perforations, all of which healed spontaneously. Three patients had audiograms, which were normal. The other three were lost to follow-up. None of the patients had vertigo, nystagmus, facial weakness, or cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea; this factored into our nonsurgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: PET and BET in children are underreported. PET usually involves CTA and occurs in younger children than does BET. Urgent surgical intervention is not indicated unless a child presents with neuro-otologic signs or symptoms. CTA avoidance should be taught systematically to the public.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".