Assessment of pollen assemblages from the hives of <i>Tetragonula carbonaria</i> for the presence of the threatened species <i>Grevillea parviflora</i> subsp. <i>parviflora</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pollen assemblages from managed hives of the Australian social stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria were examined for the presence of the threatened species Grevillea parviflora subsp. Parviflora. Managed hives of Tetragonula carbonaria were placed in bushland at Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia, in four known populations of Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora through the main flowering period of 12 September to 2 November 2014. Samples of honey and propolis were collected from the hives at the end of this period and analysed using palynology techniques for the presence of Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora pollen. Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora pollen was detected in all propolis samples from the four study sites but was not found in the honey samples. Field observations identified that honeybees were the dominant insect visitor to Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora at all sites. There were no sightings of Tetragonula carbonaria foraging on Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora inflorescences during field observations. This study also demonstrates the application of managed hives of the Australian stingless bees Tetragonula carbonaria for monitoring floral diversity where propolis samples can be used to indicate plant species richness (biodiversity) and the presence of specific species relevant to conservation within their foraging area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".