Reed canarygrass crop biomass and silage as affected by harvest date and nitrogen fertilization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is a potential biomass crop for energy production but little is known on its optimum management in the northern areas of North America. We determined the effect of three harvest dates (late July, early September, and mid-October) in a one-cut system and four N fertilization (0, 40, 80, and 160 kg N ha−1) on crop biomass and silage characteristics of reed canarygrass seeded in 2007, and harvested and ensiled in 2008 and 2009 following spring N applications. Delaying harvest from late July to mid-October decreased crop biomass dry matter (DM) yield (−0.8 Mg DM ha−1), in vitro true digestibility of DM (IVTD; −79 g kg−1 DM), in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (NDFD; −126 g kg−1 NDF), and K concentration (−7.4 g kg−1 DM), while it increased soluble carbohydrate (+14.7 g kg−1 DM) and ash (+8.5 g kg−1 DM) concentrations. Increasing N fertilization from 0 to 160 kg N ha−1 increased crop biomass DM yield (+4.3 Mg DM ha−1), crop biomass NDF (+29 g kg−1 DM) and ADF (+32 g kg−1 DM) concentrations, decreased IVTD (−65 g kg−1 DM) and NDFD (−76 g kg−1 NDF), and did not affect ash concentration. Silage pH and concentrations of lactate and NH3-N indicated adequate fermentation irrespective of harvest date and N fertilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".