<i>In Vitro</i> Cholesterol Deposition on Daily Disposable Contact Lens Materials
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to analyze how various incubation times affect the uptake of cholesterol on silicone hydrogel (SH) and conventional hydrogel (CH) daily disposable (DD) contact lens materials using an in vitro radiochemical detection method. METHODS: Three SH (somofilcon A, delefilcon A, and narafilcon A) and four CH (etafilcon A, nesofilcon A, ocufilcon A, and nelfilcon A) contact lenses were incubated in an artificial tear solution that contained major tear film components and a portion of radioactive C-cholesterol. Lenses (N = 4) were incubated for four incubation times (2, 6, 12, or 16 h) to assess the effects on cholesterol deposition. Subsequent to the incubation, the lenses were extracted using 2:1 chloroform:methanol, and the extracts were analyzed in a beta counter and (in nanograms per lens) extrapolated from standard curves. RESULTS: In general, cholesterol deposited statistically significantly more on SH lenses than CHs (p ≤ 0.033), with the exception of somofilcon A and nesolfilcon A materials (p = 0.067). Within the SH materials, narafilcon A accumulated the largest quantity of cholesterol (p < 0.05) and somofilcon A the lowest (p < 0.05). The uptake of cholesterol ranged from 22.63 ± 2.98 ng/lens to 97.94 ± 4.18 ng/lens for all lens materials. The accumulation of cholesterol was shown to be continuous throughout the 16 h of incubation, without reaching a plateau (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For the periods that DD lens materials are worn, cholesterol deposits significantly more onto SH contact lenses than CHs. This could have implications for wearers who have higher levels of lipid in their tears that are fitted with SH DD materials.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it