Crisis, Social Class, and the ‘Fixing’ of Capitalism in Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2007 the American economy experienced a severe crisis which spread through credit and financial markets, leading to declining rates of investment, lower consumption and growing unemployment in the United States. In an interview at the end of 2008, Agustin Carstens, former Minister of Finance (2006–9) in Mexico and head of the Mexican Central Bank between 2010 and 2016, stated that economic stagnation in the United States would have a limited effect on the Mexican economy. When the interviewer noted that Mexico usually catches ‘pneumonia’ when the United States has an economic ‘cold’, the minister responded that this time the Mexican economy would only ‘catch the sniffles’ (Notimex 2008). He believed that Mexico’s sound policies of fiscal austerity, public debt management and reserve accumulation would protect its economy from external shocks (Gil Diaz 2009: 29–31). However, this did not occur, and Mexico’s GDP declined 6 per cent in 2009 (INEGI 2011a). According to Mexico’s National Council on the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL), the number of people living in poverty increased by 3.2 million between 2008 and 2010 (CONEVAL 2011). The transmission mechanisms linking the American financial crisis to the Mexican economy were diminishing exports to, and workers’ remittances from, the United States, Mexico’s main trading and investment partner. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".