Neutron Radiation Induced Soft Error Rates for an Adjacent-ECC Protected SRAM in 28 nm CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report on measured neutron radiation induced soft error rates (SER) for an academic, full-custom, low-power 75 kb SRAM macro in a commercial 28 nm CMOS process protected with an adjacent-bit error correction circuit (ECC). In low voltage (0.5 V) power saving mode, measurements show an 189x improvement in SER over an unprotected baseline array and a 5x improvement over a traditional single-error-correcting-double-error-detecting (SEC-DED) code using the same number of parity check-bits. Further, simulation results show an over 2x reduction in SER compared to other multi-bit ECCs while using three fewer check-bits. Chip measurement results show that the low voltage retention mode provides a 89.7% reduction in cell leakage current/bit compared to the nominal supply voltage. All radiation measurement data has been collected at the TRIUMF Neutron Irradiation Facility in Vancouver, Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".