Evidence that the availability of suitable pine limits non‐native <i>Sirex noctilio</i> in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Natural controls may not be effective in limiting non‐native species that invade a new environment. Alternatively, factors present in the new environment can prevent an invader from becoming a serious pest. We investigated whether existing natural enemies or the availability of susceptible and suitable host plants limited an established, non‐native species Sirex noctilio F. (Siricidae: Hymenoptera). Using several pine forests throughout Ontario, we examined the relationships between parasitism and S. noctilio activity, as well as S. noctilio activity and the availability of susceptible and suitable pine. We also evaluated parasitism at two points in time (5–7 years apart). We found correlative evidence indicating that the availability of suitable hosts limited the S. noctilio population in Ontario. Sirex noctilio killed more pine when more pine was available, especially suppressed (highly suitable) pine. More co‐dominant (healthy) pines were attacked but not killed by S. noctilio at sites with more S. noctilio activity, indicating that higher densities of S. noctilio were needed to overwhelm healthy pines. The role of parasitoids was less clear. Parasitism did not vary consistently with the amount of S. noctilio activity at sites. The two groups of parasitoids, Rhyssa and Ibalia , likely responded differently to presence of S. noctilio .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".