Cadmium-113 and Lead-207 NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Calcium-Binding Proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ideally, direct NMR spectroscopic studies of the structure and dynamics of a metal binding site would utilize the ion that is naturally bound to the protein. For calcium-binding proteins, the NMR active isotope 43Ca is a quadrupolar (I = 7/2) nucleus that produces broad peaks when bound to a protein (1–4) Although much useful information can be gleaned from studies of this nucleus (3,4), it is impossible to resolve the signals for individual calcium-binding sites in a protein with multiple-binding sites. However, isomorphous replacement of the calcium ion with an ion with more favorable NMR properties often allows the resolution of NMR signals for individual sites and provides valuable insight into the coordination of the ion within the binding site from the observed shifts. 113Cd, and to a lesser extent, 207Pb, are two such I = 1/2 metal nuclei that have been successfully used to characterize the Ca2+-binding properties of a variety of metalloproteins (5–8)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".