[Association of diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities with executive dysfunction in patients with leukoaraiosis].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore abnormal microstructural changes of white matter using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with leukoaraiosis (LA), and to determine the association of such abnormalities of DTI parameters with cognitive function, especially executive function. METHODS: A total of 44 patients with LA and 36 healthy controls were recruited from the department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University between July 2010 and June 2011. The two groups were matched for age, sex, education, and vascular risk factors. All the subjects underwent the scans of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DTI and neuropsychological assessment. The values of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured within white matter lesions (WML) and normal appearing white matter (NAWM). Three regions of interest (ROIs) were located in the white matter of centrum semiovale, anterior periventricular white matter and posterior periventricular white matter. The relationships between the cognitive function and the abnormalities of DTI parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: (1) Patients with LA performed significantly worse cognitive function, especially in the fields of executive function. The results of our study showed that patients with LA were associated with comprehensive cognitive function deficits, including mini mental state examination (MMSE) (24.4 ± 3.2 vs 28.3 ± 1.2), montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) (21.2 ± 3.4 vs 25.7 ± 1.7), Stroop B (69.2 ± 13.5 vs 43.3 ± 5.0), Stroop C (141.2 ± 42.6 vs 64. 8 ± 10.0), Stroop (C-B) (72.0 ± 41.9 vs 21.5 ± 9.4), trail making test (TMT)-A (73.4 ± 15.4 vs 31.1 ± 7.1), TMT-B (126.2 ± 17.5 vs 81.4 ± 5.7), digit symbol test (25.2 ± 5 .4 vs 36.7 ± 5.1) (all P<0.05). (2) The values of FA were lower, and MD were higher in WML than NAWM and controls in all the three ROIs (P<0.05). The values of FA in NAWM located in centrum semiovale and posterior periventricular white matter were lower than controls (P<0.05). The values of MD in NAWM located in anterior periventricular white matter were higher than controls (P<0.05). (3) The values of FA of NAWM located in anterior periventricular correlated inversely with the Z scores of executive function (r=-0.311, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with LA are related with significant cognitive impairment, especially in the domains of executive dysfunction. Microstructural integrity of both white matter lesions and NAWM is associated with executive function. The underlying executive dysfunction in LA may attribute to the damage of the prefrontal-subcortical circle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".