Bibliographic record
Abstract
This carefully researched account of Maritime single women who moved to Boston in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries tells a larger story about family strategies to adapt to global capitalism's disruptions of local social and economic structures. By the 1880s, the rural, coastal economies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island declined as central Canada and the United States embraced integration, tariffs, and industrialization. In many places in the world adapting to economic change, men left in search of work while women cared for home enterprises and families; Betsy Beattie explores why more young Maritime women than men immigrated to the urban United States and why, once there, they chose domestic work over other wage options. In her gender analysis of outmigration, Beattie finds that young men and young women had different motivations for leaving the Maritime Provinces, and they headed in different directions. The title Obligation and Opportunity indicates that single women had dual purposes in moving to Boston. Late-nineteenth-century Maritime daughters left home out of filial responsibility, to contribute wages to the family economy; by the twentieth century, however, their motivations had become more personal. This regional study across six decades provides a more complex interpretation of the nature of women's migration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".