Ambient Air Quality Measurement Around Confined Feeding Operations in Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concerns associated with growth, economic and environmental risks and sustainability, social license to operate, market access, climate change, among several others, including food safety, are increasingly faced by the agricultural crop and livestock sectors in Alberta today. In 2005, the confined feeding operation (CFO) industry - beef cattle (feedlot), dairy cattle, poultry, swine and sheep - in the province embarked on a project to develop a strategic plan that would assist the industry with managing air emissions from CFOs in the province. The strategic plan was completed in 2008 and one of its many recommendations was to monitor ambient concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulphide particulate matter and volatile organic compounds around CFOs. The study was embarked upon in 2008. A multi-stakeholder advisory group comprised on industry, non-government and government organizations completed an air quality measurement plan with implementation commencing in 2009. The plan outlined established or proposed provincial ambient air quality limits (objectives) for the four emissions of interest, CFO livestock categories of interest, site selection criteria and eligibility, spatial allocation of monitoring sites, temporal criteria, schedule of activity, monitoring methodologies and equipment, QA/QC, data quality objectives, data acquisition and transfer, data analysis and archiving, data reporting, resource requirements, and risk management. This paper outlines the results of the measurement study, including its scope, study description and methodologies employed not only in collecting the data, but also in analyzing the data. The implications associated with the study results are also discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".