The effect of chronic and acute exercise on thymocyte apoptosis and necrosis in ovariectomized mice given dietary genistein.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: At menopause, many women consume phytoestrogens instead of beginning hormone replacement therapy. Many also start exercise programs for health benefits. Genistein, a soy isoflavone with estrogen-like properties, induces lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro. Aerobic exercise also induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells. The present study was designed to determine the effect of chronic (wheel running, WR) and acute (treadmill) exercise on in vivo apoptosis of thymocytes using an animal model of menopause with supplementation from dietary genistein. METHODS: Using a randomized design, 99 ovariectomized B6D2F1 mice were fed 250 (GEN) or 0 (C) ppm genistein and given concurrent exercise (voluntary wheel running-WR; or WR followed by a bout of high intensity treadmill running-WR+TREAD) or remained sedentary (SED). After 21 days, mice were sacrificed for measurements of body weights, tissue weights, thymocyte apoptosis and necrosis by annexin-V FITC and propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation by ELISA, and plasma estrogen concentrations by RIA. RESULTS: WR+TREAD mice had lower percentages of viable and higher percentages of apoptotic and necrotic cells from thymus compared with SED or WR conditions (p<0.001). WR resulted in greater DNA fragmentation in thymus cell lysates than in samples from SED mice (p<0.005). There were no differences in thymocyte apoptosis or DNA fragmentation between GEN and C mice, either independently or interactively with exercise. GEN mice tended to have greater wheel running activity than C mice (0.05<p<0.09, depending on day). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that 1) intense aerobic exercise increases the percentage of early apoptotic cells in the thymus and 2) dietary genistein is associated with a small increase in voluntary wheel running activity in ovariectomized mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".