Bibliographic record
Abstract
At first glance A. B. and B. B. McKinney, even though they shared alphabetical initials and the biblical middle name of Benjamin, may seem an odd couple to be paired in a hymnological study: * born nearly two decades before the Civil War; McKinney born more than two decades after it. * born in Canada and lived mainly in northern states; McKinney a southerner. * began as a Presbyterian, and then founded the Christian and Missionary Alliance; McKinney a lifelong Southern Baptist. * Simpson's schooling respectable enough for large downtown churches to vie in calling him as their pastor; McKinney's education, even though covering several years and several levels, came in bits and pieces, and ended up with a correspondence school diploma. (McKinney later received an honorary doctorate; declined a similar degree, but people started calling him Dr. Simpson anyway.) * ministered as a pastor, preacher, promoter of world missions, and founder of a movement that eventually became a new denomination; McKinney a layman, and his ministry almost entirely in the field of church music. * a sensitive, serious, scholarly man, passionate yet dignified; McKinney an inveterate tease, a big, jovial warm fuzzy who easily made friends with children. Apparently the two men never met. Their paths seem never to have crossed, although their life spans overlapped by more than thirty years. Why, then, have their names been linked in this article? Because in several significant ways and McKinney were indeed alike: * Each an unashamed evangelical who tried to lead others into a personal relationship with God through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ and through a conscious and deepening awareness of God's Holy Spirit. * Each gave a significant amount of time and energy to teaching in evangelical institutions of higher learning, as well as to producing hymnals and other Christian publications. * Each a visionary leader who often needed to call on the dedication and skills of others to clothe his dreams in reality; of each it could have been said what once said of McKinney, that he was successful in gathering people around him who could fill in his gaps.1 * Each an impressive platform personality, frequently leading in camp meetings, summer conferences, and conventions; both were tall men of commanding presence. * Each loved and appreciated the older hymns, but wanted people of their own day to enjoy popular gospel songs as well. * Each produced a significant body of gospel songs, both texts and tunes, yet theirs is a limited hymnody. The word limited here has more than one meaning. Limitations as to the scope of their work and the intrinsic merit of it will be addressed later in this article; even more, however, limited refers to the fact that the hymns of each of them have been little known outside their own respective faith traditions. Those two denominations are, of course, the Christian and Missionary Alliance (hereafter referred to as or Alliance) and the Southern Baptist Convention (hereafter referred to as or simply Baptist). In past years both gospel songs and McKinney gospel songs have been included in commercial and denominational hymnals outside their own circles, but this apparently a temporary development, as later collections have tended to drop most of them again. Certain CMA churches and convocations still ring the changes on hymns; so do certain SBC congregations when they sing the hymns of McKinney. Yet, nearly a century after Simpson's death and well over half a century since McKinney' s, the hymnody of neither man has broken free from its limitations. And with the present widespread trend toward contemporary Christian praise songs, the hymnody of both men seems likely to suffer further eclipse. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".