Aging and Demographic Change in Canadian Context/Getting Started on Social Analysis in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
David Cheal (ed.), Aging and Demographic Change in Canadian Context (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003), 288pp. Paper. £15. ISBN 0- 8020-8505-9. Jamie Swift, Jacqueline M. Davies, Robert G. Clarke and Michael Czerny SJ, Getting Started on Social Analysis in Canada, 4th edn (Toronto: Between The Lines, 2003, 230pp. Paper. $24.95. ISBN 1-8963-5777-6. The 'greying' of the population of the developed world is one of the key trends that will affect society during the next half-century. The implications of a steadily aging society are profound and wide-ranging, with likely impacts on most aspects of life - from the rising costs of medical services to reduced labour force participation and the effects upon social cohesion of worsening intergenerational inequalities. Canada will not escape this 'demographic aging' process. By 2040 nearly 23 per cent (10 million) of Canadians will be over 65 years of age, compared with around 13 per cent (4 million) today. Given the litany of concerns associated with this process, it is not surprising that it was selected as a topic for the Project on Trends sponsored by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the Policy Research Initiative. One outcome of this Trends Project is an excellent collection of essays edited by David Cheal, Professor of Sociology at the University of Winnipeg. Aging and Demographic Change in Canadian Context consists of seven essays, including a scene-setting introduction by the editor. Each essay addresses a different aspect of demographic aging and its impacts upon society, and each raises some powerful questions regarding the policies required to manage the impacts and the accompanying research questions that need to be addressed. Susan A. McDaniel considers issues relating to linkages between generations. These include the changing nature of the family, income/debt differentials across generations, and the growing dependence of the elderly on a diminishing proportion of the population in work. Douglas Thorpe introduces the factors of language and culture to the equation, noting that the current demographic trends may lead to the decline of French as a vital working language in Quebec. Fundamental questions about societal attitudes to the elderly are raised. These are addressed more specifically by Ingrid Arnet Connidis in terms of the informal support systems for older persons. She notes how the changing composition of families, and of lifestyles in general, have eroded traditional support networks. Joel Prager considers the impact of an aging population upon economic productivity; Marty Thomas and Rosemary A. Venne consider issues relating to the balance between work and leisure; and Joseph A. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.021 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.025 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".