The Effects of Supramaximal vs. Submaximal Isoinertial Eccentric Training Performed to Volitional Fatigue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eccentric (ECC) contractions have the ability to produce greater force than concentric (CON) contractions. Accordingly, isoinertial (free weight) ECC training is most often performed at supramaximal intensities (> 100% CON max) to induce maximal adaptations. Less is known about the effects of isoinertial submaximal (< 100% CON max) ECC training. PURPOSE: To compare supramaximal vs. submaximal intensity isoinertial ECC emphasized training performed until volitional fatigue. METHODS: 32 young adults (19 males, 13 females) were randomized into one of 3 groups: 1) ECC110 who performed ECC only contractions at 110% of CON 1RM, 2) ECC80 who performed ECC only contractions at 80% of CON 1RM, or 3) a control group. Training progressed from 3 to 6 sets of unilateral ECC elbow flexion concentration curls (3 seconds per repetition) over 8 weeks. Each training set was performed until volitional fatigue; this required each group to perform a varying number of repetitions but aimed to standardize the complete recruitment and exhaustion of type I and type II muscle fibers associated with training to failure. Elbow flexors muscle thickness (via ultrasound), CON concentration curl 1RM (via dumbbells), and isokinetic ECC torque (via dynamometer at 45°/s) were assessed pre and post training. ANCOVA was used to adjust for baseline differences between groups (pre-training scores as covariates). RESULTS: After adjustment, both ECC 110 (+0.29 cm) and ECC 80 (+ 0.19 cm) showed a greater post-training increase in muscle thickness compared to control (-0.02 cm) (p<0.05), with no differences between ECC110 and ECC80. ECC80 (+1.27 kg) showed a greater post-training increase in 1RM strength compared to control (p<0.05); whereas the increase in strength for ECC110 (+0.69 kg) was not different than control (+0.01 kg). ECC110 (+6.08 Nm) showed a significantly greater post-training increase in isokinetic ECC torque compared to ECC80 (-1.7 Nm) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both supramaximal and submaximal eccentric training are effective for inducing muscle hypertrophy. Submaximal eccentric training may be more beneficial for increasing concentric isoinertial strength whereas supramaximal eccentric training is more effective for increasing isokinetic eccentric torque. JK funded by NSERC Ph. D. Scholarship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".