Numerical Simulation of Two-Dimensional Flow Past a Dimpled Cylinder Using a Pseudospectral Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A numerical simulation of steady and unsteady two-dimensional flows past cylinder with dimples based on highly accurate pseudospectral method is the subject of the present paper. The vorticity and streamfunction formulation of two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with no-slip boundary conditions is used. The system is formulated on a unit disk using curvilinear body fitted coordinate system. Key issues of the curvilinear coordinate transformation are discussed, to show its importance in properly defined node distribution. For the space discretization of the governing system the Fourier-Chebyshev pseudospectral approximation on a unit disk is implemented. For steady flow simulations thenon-linear time-independent Navier-Stokes problem is solved using the Newton’s method. For the time-dependent problem the semi-implicit thirdorder Adams-Bashforth backward differentiation scheme is used. Finally numerical result for both steady and unsteady problems are presented. A comparison of results for the smooth cylinder with those from other authors shows good agreement. Spectral accuracy is demonstrated using the steady solver.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".