Feasibility Study for the Installation of Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Pakistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wind generated electricity is one of the most attractive methods of electric power generation in a third world country like Pakistan. This paper presents the economic and technical viability of wind energy generation in remote and rural areas of Sindh (Pakistan). In light of this, Three wind turbines with power ratings of 660 kW, 1,000 kW and 18,00 kW are chosen. The economic analysis has been carried out by four economic indexes that are: cost benefit analysis (CBI), Net Present Value (NPV), Pay Back Period (PBP) and the Costof Energy (COE $/kWh). The wind speed data for this study was obtained from the Pakistan meteorological | department, measured at heights of 10m and 30 m, that span from 2002 to 2005.The outcome of the study showed that, the highest annual average energy of 5396 MWh/yr could be generated by Vestas V80 (with power capacity of 1.8 MW). Furthermore, the baseline economic evaluation of all the selected turbines, indicted that V80-1.8 MW gave the least cost (0.043 $/KWh) of electricity production at 80m hub height while the Sensitivity of the selected parameters showed that NPV is more sensitive to retail price of local electricity cost.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".