Sorption of Phenanthrene onto Diatomite under the Influences of Solution Chemistry: A Study of Linear Sorption based on Maximal Information Coefficient
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effectiveness of diatomite as the low-cost sorbent in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water was investigated. The effects of ionic strength, pH, dissolved organic matter, and temperature on sorption of phenanthrene (PHE) to two types of diatomite clay (DM 545 and DM 577) were systematically studied. The maximal information coefficient (MIC) was calculated to reveal the linearity/nonlinearity in the sorption process under the influences of aqueous chemistry parameters. Results indicated that the solution parameters played an essential role in the PHE sorption behavior at the aqueous/diatomite interface. The sorption isotherms of PHE on diatomite at different temperatures could well fit the Freundlich equation. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the sorption behavior of PHE on diatomite was spontaneous and exothermic from 283 to 303 K. The calculation of MIC revealed the linear relationship between the aqueous PAHs and sorbed PAHs at the water/diatomite interface. The results can be used to support the potential application of diatomite for the treatment of PAH-contaminated effluents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".