Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with leukoaraiosis-associated subcortical vascular cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the difference of resting-state default-mode network (DMN) between patients with leukoaraiosis (LA)-associated subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) and control subjects, and to provide functional imaging evidence of SVCI. METHODS: All subjects (n = 58) were divided into two groups based on their clinical diagnosis: a LA-associated SVCI group (n = 31, 14 males) and a control group (n = 27, 14 males). Demographic information and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data were obtained. These subjects were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Depression Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating, Mini Mental State Exam, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Experimental data and confounding factors were described with a General Liner Model. Independent components of fMRI data were analyzed with an fMRI toolbox. RESULTS: The active areas involved in DMN of LA-associated SVCI group were similar to those of the control group. However, several active areas of LA-associated SVCI group, especially the left anterior cingulate cortex and the right parahippocampal gyrus, showed significantly lower blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05); whereas the left caudate nucleus (p = 0.015), the right frontal lobe (p = 0.004), and the superior temporal gyrus/inferior parietal gyrus (p = 0.001) exhibited significantly higher BOLD signals compared with the control group. DISCUSSION: The present study provides neuroimaging evidence for the recognition of LA-associated SVCI. Moreover, the differences in the functional alterations of the resting-state DMN might be a distinguishing feature between SVCI and amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".