Psychological Changes Following An Exercise Session In Individuals With And Without Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Improvements in mood have been consistently reported in healthy individuals following an acute bout of aerobic exercise. However, there have been limited investigations examining psychological responses to aerobic exercise in individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine psychological changes following aerobic exercise in individuals with and without PTSD. METHODS: Twenty-four (12 PTSD and 12 control) men and women (26± 6yrs) completed a series of questionnaires (demographic, PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCL-C), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), and McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (MPQ-SF)). Next, participants walked or ran on a treadmill for 30 minutes at 70-75% MHR and 12-15 RPE. Following exercise, participants again completed the STAI, POMS, PANAS, ASI-3, and MPQ-SF questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a 2 (group: PTSD, control) x 2 (time: pre-, post-exercise) repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups on RPE, HR, or treadmill speed and incline throughout the exercise session. With the exception of anger, there were improvements in all other psychological variables after exercise (p < 0.05). In addition, significant interaction effects (p < 0.05) indicated improvements in state anxiety, negative affect, depression, tension, confusion, total mood disturbance, total pain, and the affective dimension of pain for the PTSD group in comparison to no change in the control group following exercise. CONCLUSIONS: These findings contribute to the limited literature on exercise and PTSD, indicating significant improvements in mood following an exercise session in individuals with PTSD. Supported by the Virginia Horne Henry Fund
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".