Investigation of Abscopal and Bystander Effects in Immunocompromised Mice After Exposure to Pencilbeam and Microbeam Synchrotron Radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Out-of-field effects are of considerable interest in radiotherapy. The mechanisms are poorly understood but are thought to involve signaling processes, which induce responses in non-targeted cells and tissues. The immune response is thought to play a role. The goal of this research was to study the induction of abscopal effects in the bladders of NU-Foxn1 mice after irradiating their brains using Pencil Beam (PB) or microbeam (MRT) irradiation at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. Athymic nude mice injected with F98 glioma cells into their right cerebral hemisphere 7 d earlier were treated with either MRT or PB. After recovery times of 2, 12, and 48 h, the urinary bladders were extracted and cultured as tissue explants for 24 h. The growth medium containing the potential signaling factors was harvested, filtered, and transferred to HaCaT reporter cells to assess their clonogenic survival and calcium signaling potential. The results show that in the tumor-free mice, both treatment modalities produce strong bystander/abscopal signals using the clonogenic reporter assay; however, the calcium data do not support a calcium channel mediated mechanism. The presence of a tumor reduces or reverses the effect. PB produced significantly stronger effects in the bladders of tumor-bearing animals. The authors conclude that immunocompromised mice produce signals, which can alter the response of unirradiated reporter cells; however, a novel mechanism appears to be involved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".