Effects of Long Term Exposure to Aspirin on Growth, Functionality and Protein Profile of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) (ATCC 53103)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the effects of long-term exposure to aspirin on the growth and functionality of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. One isolated colony of L. rhamnosus was propagated three times in deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth and incubated at 37°C. The active strain was then harvested and washed with 0.1% peptone water. Cells were transferred into 9 mL MRS broth containing approximately 6 mg/mL of aspirin, vigorously mixed and incubated for 4 h. The cells were further harvested, transferred into MRS broth and incubated at 37°C. The exposure protocol was repeated for five sequential transfers a week, and the exposed strain cell was surface plated onto MRS agar containing equal amount of aspirin. One isolated colony of aspirin exposed L. rhamnosus from an aspirin containing agar plate was further activated in MRS broth. This procedure was repeated sequentially for 12 consecutive weeks. Bacterial populations, beta-galactosidase activity (beta-gal), and protein expression were determined. Bacterial cells unexposed to aspirin were used as the control. Our results showed that L. rhamnosus could survive after long term exposure to a sub-inhibitory concentration of aspirin. The average beta-gal activity of L. rhamnosus in unexposed cells was 153 ± 2.5 Gal U.; however, beta-gal activity was completely inhibited in exposed cells throughout the exposure period. There was approximately 54% more protein expressed in the long term aspirin-exposed strain compared to the short term exposed (4 h) strain as determined by BCA assay. In addition, the SDS-page gel indicated the synthesis of more protein in the exposed L. rhamnosus. The onset of common or chronic illnesses, especially among the elderly population, is often treated with common medications. However, regular the intake of medical drugs such as aspirin could affect beneficial gut microflora. Therefore, foods containing probiotics such as yogurt and other functional foods are important for the maintenance of optimal gastrointestinal health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".