The Phenomenon of Death and Its Moral Implications Among the Esan of Edo State, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is an ontological inquiry into the phenomenon of death in Esan culture before the advent of imported religions and other Western incursions. It does not busy itself with life after death per se but on death itself. It examined how the phenomenon of death informs the Esan worldview and influences the concrete behaviour of the Esan people. It discussed the reasons why Esan people feared dead, the deceased, and why they avoid seeing the dead. It also extended its discussion to mourn generally, mourning of a deceased spouse, burying the dead and the concrete steps people take in Esan to impede or prosper the journey of the deceased to after life and his concrete life in the hereafter. It then discussed the people’s attitude toward death and the dead. It argues further that the occurrences of death, the agony of dying and the belief in life after death have some moral implications which influence the moral disposition of the Esan people toward their neighbor, the sick, the dying and even the deceased in solidarity. Not only this. It also makes them to live good lives to avoid the consequences of bad living either here or in the hereafter. While focusing on Esan per se, this inquiry attempts some comparisons with some other cultures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".