Stories of Transformation: Aboriginal Offenders' Journey from Prison to the Community
Bibliographic record
Abstract
R esearch indicates that Aboriginal peoples are overrepresented within the Canadian Criminal Justice System (CJS). 1 In Canada, Aboriginal peoples constitute a large percentage of federal and provincial inmates, even though they represent a small percentage of the general adult population. 2 The most recent statistics reported by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC), indicate that in 2013, Aboriginal adults only represented 4 percent of Canada' s population, yet they constituted 23 percent of the federal inmate population (with a two-year or longer sentence).3 To make the situation more challenging, Aboriginal inmate admissions have been growing; according to CSC statistics, from 2002 to 2012, the population of incarcerated Aboriginal men increased by 34 percent, from 2,209 men to 2,966 men. 4 A number of factors contribute to the overrepresentation of Aboriginal offenders in the CJS-for example, sentencing, release rates, recidivism, reintegration-but this study does not address all of these issues.Rather, it focuses on one important component of the CJS: the reintegration of offenders into the community.To decrease incarceration rates and enable Aboriginal peoples to maintain a crime-free lifestyle in their communities requires understanding the concept of transformation from an Aboriginal person' s perspective.Very little research has examined the reintegration potential of Aboriginal offenders living crime-free in the community.Most studies have investigated incarcerated men or specific rehabilitation programs, which typically evaluate specific treatment programs and their effectiveness (for instance, sexual offender treatment programs), rather than engage in more broad-based research concerning reintegration.5 Studies have Teresa Howell is a registered psychologist who works on the traditional territories of the Coast Salish peoples on the west coast of British Columbia.She is a wife, a mother of three, a faculty member at Douglas College, and an Aboriginal health researcher at the University of British Columbia.She also works in private practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.037 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".