Study of black hole as dissipative structure using negentropy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The area of the event horizon of a black hole (Aeh) is so far linked only with its entropy (SBH). In this theoretical investigation, it is shown that relating Aeh only to SBH is inadequate, because Aeh is linked to the black hole’s negentropy, which encompasses its entropy. Increasing Aeh of black holes that grow now follows from the negentropy theorem (NET) and also from the well-known area theorem. The decreasing Aeh of black holes that decay follows from the converse to NET and is not a violation of the area theorem. The corollary to NET is proved for the case when two dissipative structures merge, which is the basis for the coalescence of black holes. The converse of corollary to NET explains negentropy loss due to splitting of a dissipative structure. When applied to black hole explosion (i.e., splitting into an infinite number of parts), converse of corollary to NET reduces to converse of NET. The entropy/energy ratio of the exported Hawking radiance from black holes contributes to the entropy increase of the universe. These aspects justify the consideration of black holes as thermodynamic dissipative structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".