Wenlock–Ludlow boundary interval revisited: new insights from the offshore facies of the Prague Synform, Czech Republic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wenlock–Ludlow boundary beds exposed near Nesvačily in the Prague Synform are documented in terms of their lithology, faunal content, high-resolution record of 19 graptolite species, graptolite biostratigraphy, and conodont record. This is the first time in Bohemia and peri-Gondwanan Europe that a continuous graptolite-bearing section through upper ludensis – middle nilssoni biozones is described in detail to refine high-resolution biostratigraphy and correlation of the Wenlock–Ludlow boundary. Organic-rich shale, relatively rare nongraptolite fauna, and absence of bioturbation indicate a stable deep-water offshore setting with sporadic, low-level bottom oxygenation. The uninterrupted succession revealed a series of origination events of principal graptolite taxa employed in determination of the Wenlock–Ludlow boundary strata worldwide. Bohemograptus represented by B. praecox appeared as early as in the uppermost Wenlock ludensis Biozone. Bohemograptus praecox is later accompanied and replaced by B. bohemicus, associated with Uncinatograptus uncinatus. The lowest Neodiversograptus nilssoni marked the base of the Ludlow nilssoni Biozone. Speciation within Bohemograptus continued in the middle nilssoni Biozone when the robust B. butovicensis evolved from B. bohemicus. Colonograptus colonus shows its lowest occurrence in the middle part of the nilssoni Biozone together with the latest C. gerhardi. The monograptids are associated with abundant and diverse plectograptids that are at present mostly known from Baltica. Bohemograptus praecox sp. nov. and B. butovicensis ( Bouček, 1936 ) are described in the systematic part. The conodont Kockelella ortus absidata, found in the lower–middle part of the nilssoni Biozone, is consistent with a stratigraphic interval within Oz. bohemica and K. crassa conodont biozones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".