Associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition and Fasting Insulin in Inactive Post-Menopausal South Asian Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: South Asians have higher rates of diabetes and heart disease which may be associated with their unique obesity phenotype of high abdominal fat and low lean body mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with body composition and glucose regulation, and low physical activity (PA) levels may be implicated in this high risk obesity phenotype. A previous study found lower cardiorespiratory fitness to explain the higher body fat and insulin resistance in South Asian men. It is unknown whether cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with body composition and insulin in post-menopausal South Asian women, and whether aerobic fitness or body composition can explain elevated insulin levels. METHODS: Sixty-three physically inactive post-menopausal South Asian women were enrolled in the South Asian Exercise Trial. VO2 peak was assessed with the Bruce Protocol; body composition was assessed using dual energy x ray absorptiometry, and fasting insulin was measured by blood test. Bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression analyses explored the association between VO2peak (dependent variable), body composition and insulin (independent variables). To assess whether body size was a mediator of the association between VO2 peak and insulin the above model was further adjusted for body composition RESULTS: Mean age was 58.0 ± 6.5 years with a VO2 peak of 23.3 (22.1, 24.0)mL/kg/min, total body fat percentage of 43.0 (42.0, 44.0)% and fasting insulin of 86.0 (76.7, 96.3)mmol/L. There were significant inverse bivariate correlations (p<0.01) between VO2 peak, waist circumference (WC) (r=-0.436), body fat (r=-0.538), body fat percentage (r=-0.325) and fasting insulin (r=-0.383); associations remained significant after adjustment for age (p<0.01). The association between VO2 peak and insulin was no longer significant after adjustment for total body fat or WC (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Physically inactive post-menopausal South Asian women showed a significant negative association between VO2peak and both body composition and fasting insulin. Body fat may mediate the relationship between aerobic fitness and fasting insulin. Culturally appropriate and sex-specific strategies to increase PA levels and decrease body fat may reduce the incidence of diabetes and heart disease in this community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".