Effects of Thermal Treatment on Laser Generated Aerosols usingLA-ETV-ICP-MS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aerosol particle size distribution is generally known to be critical for complete sample vaporization upon introduction into an ICP discharge. Particle size dependent composition of laser-produced aerosols has been proved to be responsible for ICP-induced elemental fractionation. The modification of the particle size distribution has been studied based on heating a laser-generated aerosol by means of an electrothermal vaporizer (ETV) installed between an ablation cell and an ICP torch. Overall, 21 singlemetal targets were ablated and heated up by the ETV prior to entering into the ICP discharge. Brass and steel samples were also studied as multielement samples. The aim of this study was a) to modify the particle size distribution towards reduced diameters b) to determine the elemental dependence of the vaporization process, and c) to determine elementdependent laser-induced phase separation into different particle sizes. It was observed that the vaporization depended on melting points of metals, and the particle size distribution could be reduced for low-melting elements. Ablation experiments with brass and steel samples revealed that some elements were separated into individual particle sizes. Signals originating from particles produced by ablation of a zinc target behave similarly in the ETV to Zn signals generated in brass. These studies can be used to indicate the particle vaporization behaviour within the ICP, even knowing that the temperatures used within the ETV are lower than in an ICP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".