Suboptimal Feeding Practices and High Levels of Undernutrition Among Infants and Young Children in the Rural Communities of <i>Halaba</i> and <i>Zeway</i> , Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Good nutrition and appropriate child feeding are vital in early stages of child development, particularly in the first 1000 days of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess the adoption of infant and young child feeding practices of World Health Organization, dietary intake, and level of undernutrition in children <2 years of age. METHODS: Baseline cross-sectional study was conducted (January-June 2013) in purposively selected rural communities of Halaba and Zeway, Ethiopia (N = 383 mother-child pairs, randomly selected). RESULTS: Overall prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was 45%, 9%, and 28% in Halaba, and 33%, 7%, and 15% in Zeway, respectively; higher levels of stunting (54% in Halaba and 36% in Zeway) were observed in 6 to 24 months; stunting and underweight, but not wasting, differed by age ( P < .001) in Halaba. Median dietary diversity score in both communities was 2 with 61% to 65% of children consuming 0 to 2 food groupings. Except protein in all age and iron in 12 to 24 months, median intake of energy, iron, zinc, and calcium (and associated nutrient densities) was below the estimated needs that should come from complementary foods in both communities (in subsample). Early initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding was 63% and 86% in Halaba and 92% and 93% in Zeway, respectively ( P < .001). Children receiving minimum acceptable diet were 6% and 9% in Halaba and Zeway, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The high levels of stunting and suboptimal feeding practices as well as low dietary diversity scores, energy, and nutrient intake in both communities, particularly in Halaba, indicate a need to improve/strengthen nutrition strategies for complementary feeding children in these areas.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".