The Administration of Psychotropic Medication to Children Ages 0–4 in North Carolina: An Exploratory Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The increasing use of psychotropic medication among preschool children raises concern because there are insufficient clinical guidelines and possible disparities. METHODS: This study explored published administrative data (2007-2006) on the receipt of psychotropic medication by North Carolina Medicaid enrollees ages 0-4 by mental health catchment area. Quarterly prevalence statistics were examined and potential predictors of receipt were identified for future study. RESULTS: During the study period the state's quarterly prevalence ranged from 2.3 to 3.0 recipients per 1,000 enrollees (range in catchment areas: 0.5 to 9.8). The state rate peaked at 3.0 in the third quarter of 2002 and at 2.9 in the third quarter of 2004. LIMITATIONS: The data are aggregated to a large area level and limited to Medicaid enrollees. The small number of catchment areas (36) limits the utility of statistical associations. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence rates are high enough to deserve further exploration. Geographic variation exists. Psychotropic medication prescriptions for preschool children should be included as the state's mental health practitioners, policymakers, and planners discuss the service system and the mental health of children in our communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".