A more symmetrical gait after split-belt treadmill walking increases the effort in paretic plantar flexors in people post-stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine if the level of effort in paretic plantar flexors during gait could be a factor in explaining locomotor asymmetry. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Twenty individuals with chronic stroke (mean age 49.4 years (standard deviation 13.2). METHODS: Participants walked on a split-belt treadmill for 3 periods: baseline at self-selected speed; adaptation with the belt speed doubled on the non-paretic side; and post-adaptation at self-selected speed. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded. The efforts were estimated with the muscular utilization ratio. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationships between the paretic plantar flexor level of effort at baseline and changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters and joint moments after split-belt treadmill walking. In addition, in a subgroup of 12 asymmetrical individuals, paretic plantar flexor efforts were compared between periods (baseline (asymmetrical) and post-adaptation (symmetrical)) with paired Student's t-tests. RESULTS: Baseline level of effort in plantar flexors was negatively related to changes in paretic plantar flexion moments (r = -0.70; p = 0.001) and changes in non-paretic step length (r = -0.65; p = 0.003). A more symmetrical spatiotemporal gait increased the paretic plantar flexor effort from 73.7% to 86.6% (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: A more symmetrical gait increases paretic plantar flexor efforts. Individuals post-stroke presenting high plantar flexor efforts when walking have limited muscle capacity to increase non-paretic step after split-belt walking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".