Continuous Vertical Track Deflection Measurements to Map Subgrade Condition along a Railway Line: Methodology and Case Studies
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the methodology developed for the use of continuous vertical track deflection measurements from a moving loaded rail car to map the subgrade condition along a railway line. This analysis of deflection data was developed following the collection of more than 12,000 km of measurements. It was evident from the collected data that unprocessed deflection measurements are heavily effected by the track surface condition such as joints and geometry irregularities so as to obscure the deflections because of poor subgrade support. A filtering method was employed to minimize the influence of the surface condition which occur at short wavelengths and show the variations in track deflections because of changes in subgrade conditions which occur at longer wavelengths. The resulting processed data are compared with the geology over two study railway subdivisions to demonstrate that the processed vertical track deflection measurements are representative of the subgrade conditions. The filtering process, examples of the effect of track surface on the deflection measurements, and the limitations of the resulting data are also discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it