Use of Carbon Steel Beads to Determine Microbially-Influenced Pitting Corrosion under Flow Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in oil and gas transporting and production facilities is caused predominantly by the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Carbon steel coupons are commonly used to determine MIC-associated corrosion rates. In this study, spherical carbon steel beads (∅ = 0.238 cm), which had an average mass of 55.0 ± 0.3 mg, were used to monitor corrosion. In order to study and quantify SRB-mediated MIC under flow conditions, as observed in many oil and gas facilities and pipelines, aqueous medium containing oilfield SRB was pumped into an up-flow bioreactor containing 35 beads. The SRB-containing medium was the outflow of a continuous culture vessel. SRB activity was monitored by determining sulfate, and other metabolite concentrations. The general corrosion rate was 0.11 mm/yr, after 256 days of continuous flow. Bead mass ranged from 36.5 to 51.4 mg with an average of 44.0 ± 3.3 mg. Surface examination indicated deep pitting in the most heavily corroded beads. However, the significant 11-fold increase in standard deviation from 0.3 to 3.3 mg is also a proxy for the unevenness of corrosion, or pitting corrosion. Hence, an effective system for studying SRB-mediated general and pitting corrosion under flow conditions has been designed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".