Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the macro-historical analysis in Chapter 3, we now proceed to examine the new Malay middle class in detail, basing our analysis on an empirical study, carried out in 1996 (with follow-ups in 1997, 1998 and 999), of 284 respondents in the metropolitan Klang Valley, and in two provincial towns — Kota Bharu in Kelantan, and Kuala Terengganu in Terengganu. Table 4.1 shows the basic profiles of respondents in terms of sex, age, marital status and geographical origin. Of the total, 108 respondents (38 per cent) were taken from the Klang Valley, 80 (28.2 per cent) from Kota Bharu, and 96 (33.8 per cent) from Kuala Terengganu. In terms of sex, slightly over two-thirds, or 69.4 per cent, were male. In terms of age, young respondents (aged 30 and below) made up 29.2 per cent; those aged 31–40 years old made up the largest group, totalling 42.2 per cent; those aged 41–50 came to 23.6 per cent; and the oldest group (aged 51 and above) accounted for just under 5 per cent. The proportion of young respondents was highest in the Klang Valley sample (one-third of the sample was made up of those in that age group), while in Kota Bharu and Kuala Terengganu, their proportions were slightly smaller (about one-quarter each).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".