The End of the World as They Know It: Revelations about Revelation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the 1990s several incidents seemed to point to a frightening connection between millennialism and violence. For example, an obscure group of Bible students dedicated to understanding the extraordinary prophecies of the book of Revelation burst into the media glare when agents of the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms botched a raid on their headquarters outside of Waco, Texas at the end of February 1993. The ensuing armed standoff reached its awful dénouement on April 19, when a fire took the lives of nearly everyone inside the Branch Davidians’ Mount Carmel Center. In October 1994, anticipating the Second Coming of Jesus, more than 50 members of The Order of the Solar Temple perished in Switzerland and Quebec in murder-suicides; in 1995 another fifteen died in France, and in 1997 another five in Canada. On March 20, 1995, an eclectic Japanese millennial group garnered the attention and opprobrium of the world when it released deadly sarin gas inside the Tokyo subway. Its leader, Shoko Asahara, had become convinced that the events prophesied by the book of Revelation concerning “Armageddon” were being played out. Finally, on March 26, 1997, 39 followers of Marshall Herff Applewhite donned purple shrouds and Nike sneakers and washed down doses of phenobarbitol mixed with applesauce or pudding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.066 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.035 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.015 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.023 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".