Efficacy of posterolateral hip muscles strengthening on patellofemoral pain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a syndrome characterized by pain or discomfort seemingly originating from the contact of the posterior surface of the patella (back of the kneecap) with the femur (thigh bone). Moderate evidence supports the addition of hip abductor and external rotator strengthening, as well as exercises targeting hip flexion and hip extension.Methods: 30 patients were taken from OPD of Department of Orthopedics, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, OPD of University College of Physiotherapy, Faridkot, Punjab, India. The patients were divided into two groups (15 patients each group). Group A was treated with quadriceps strengthening, Group B were treated with quadriceps strengthening with posterolateral hip strengthening (hip abductors and external rotators). Total treatment duration was 4 weeks. Both the groups were assessed for Pain (visual analog scale [VAS]) and health status (Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]). Follow up was done on 2nd and 4th week.Results: Significant improvements in VAS and WOMAC scores were observed in both groups from 0th-week to 2nd week and 0-week to 4th-week follow-up (P<0.05). Improvements in VAS and WOMAC scores in group B were superior to those in group A at 4-week follow-up (P<0.05).Conclusions: The present study has concluded that both Group A and Group B were effective in the management of patello-femoral pain but statistically it was concluded that Group B is more effective as compared to Group A.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".