Protection sociale et citoyenneté dans les fédérations multinationales (Social Protection and Citizenship in Multinational Federations)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: La presente contribution porte sur l’articulation entre la citoyennete culturelle et la citoyennete sociale dans les federations multinationales. L’auteure soutient que dans les regimes politiques multinationaux – particulierement les federations multinationales – les frontieres de la solidarite peuvent etre etablies sur deux bases: celle de l’interet et celle du sentiment d’appartenance commune. Ces frontieres forment des cercles concentriques, traduisant notamment differentes formes et differentes intensites d’allegeance aux multiples cites qui constituent l’espace politique complexe. Recourant notamment a des exemples tires des experiences canadiennes, espagnoles, belges et ecossaises, l’analyse procede en trois temps. En premier lieu, l’auteure remet en cause l’association – souvent implicite – etablie entre Etat-providence et Etat-nation. En second lieu, elle explore la tension qui existe entre l’extension de la dimension sociale de la citoyennete (qui repose traditionnellement sur une vision homogeneisante des citoyens) et la dimension culturelle de la citoyennete (construite sur la reconnaissance des differences). Enfin, elle explore la fonction de consolidation identitaire remplie par la protection sociale dans les Etats modernes, fonction d’autant plus complexe. Dans un regime federal differents ordres de gouvernement entrent en concurrence afin d’assurer la protection sociale de leurs citoyens, et de susciter l’allegeance de ces derniers.English Abstract: This paper examines the articulation between cultural and social citizenship in multinational federations. The author contends that in multinational political regimes – particularly federal ones – the frontiers of solidarity can be established on two bases: interest and sense of belonging. These boundaries of solidarity form concentric circles, which express different types and levels of intensity of allegiances by citizens towards the multiple entities and groups that compose the overarching complex polity. Using examples from Canada, Belgium, Spain and Scotland, the paper is divided in three parts. First, the author questions the link frequently established between the welfare state and the nation state. She then examines the tension that exists between the extension of the social dimension of citizenship (which rests upon homogenizing vision of citizens) and the cultural dimension of citizenship (which is built upon differences and their recognition). Lastly, the author examines how social protection offers a fertile ground to the process of identity-building, or to create allegiances. In federations in which different orders of government vie for the allegiance of citizens, social protection may become an instrument in identity-based competition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".