Effects of Total Sleep and Sleep Before Midnight on Activity Levels in Female University Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been suggested that sleeping 8 or more hours per night is best in order to achieve optimal health outcomes. Studies have reported equivocal findings on the association between sleep duration and daily activity levels. However few studies have observed this relationship in female university students. PURPOSE: To determine whether total sleep time or sleep time before midnight has a greater impact on daily activity levels. METHODS: Twenty-six female university students, BMI = 23.26 ± 3.20kg/m2, wore an ActiGraph GT3X™ tri-axial accelerometer for 7-consecutive days while self-reporting sleep time in a sleep journal. A multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate the daily activity of the participants on total sleep time and time slept before midnight. RESULTS: On average, participants accumulated 91.04 ± 36.19min in light, 99.31 ± 38.82min in moderate, and 7.05 ± 9.63min in vigorous activities per day and stepped 10018 ± 3682steps per day. Participants slept on average 9.05 ± 0.97hrs/night and 3.88 ± 3.38hrs/night before midnight. Participants that slept 7-9hrs/night (N = 14) spent more time in light (F(1,22) = 5.10, p ≤ .05) and moderate (F(1,22) = 8.61, p ≤ .05) activity per day and walked more steps per day (F(1,22) = 11.29, p ≤ .05) compared to those that slept >9hrs/night (N = 13). Individuals that slept ≥1 hour per night before midnight (N = 19) stepped more steps per day (F(1,22) = 8.46, p ≤ .05) compared to participants that got <1 hour of sleep before midnight (N = 8). Time spent in vigorous activity did not differ between groups and there was no interaction between total sleep time and time slept before midnight. CONCLUSIONS: Sleeping seven to nine hours per night with at least one hour of sleep before midnight seems to favorably effect daily physical activity and may indicate that circadian rhythms have an effect on daily physical activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".