Removal of naphthalene from offshore produced water through immobilized nano-TiO2 aided photo-oxidation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to increase the applicability of photocatalysis in treating offshore produced water (OPW), an immobilized catalyst was introduced into the UV irradiation system and its performance on the degradation of organic compounds in OPW was evaluated. Naphthalene was selected as the target pollutant owing to its abundance in produced water and its chemical property as a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Aeroxide® P25 nano-scale TiO2 powder was immobilized on glass slides by a heat attachment method and its photocatalytic capacity was compared to that of the original powder in terms of naphthalene removal efficiency. The results of adsorption showed that the reduction of catalysts’ surface area by immobilization was similar to that by agglomeration. The photocatalytic reaction rate constants in the homogeneous and immobilized systems were 0.00219 min−1 and 0.00305 min−1, respectively, indicating that the immobilized catalyst had a better performance in photo-oxidation. The fouling of catalyst surface during the irradiation process came from the deposition of insoluble particles, organic matter, and the scaling of calcium. The immobilization of catalysts was more resistant to the substrate effects of OPW, indicating a promising alternative in treating OPW.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it