Inhibition of biochemical terpene pathways in <i>Achillea millefolium</i> flowers differently affects the behavior of bumblebees (<i>Bombus terrestris</i>) and flies (<i>Lucilia sericata</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Floral scents serve multiple functions in the interactions with organisms. Flowers of Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) emit scent bouquets dominated by terpenoids. These flowers are mainly visited by flies and beetles, whereas bumblebees, common visitors at other Asteraceae, are absent from A. millefolium flowers. In order to test how a reduced mono- and sesquiterpenoid emission affect insect behaviour we inhibited the biochemical pathways towards the production of terpenoids of A. millefolium plants and conducted behavioural choice tests. The inhibition resulted in reduced emission rates of most mono- and sesquiterpenes and thus altered the olfactory phenotype of the flowers. In a flight cage, flies usually chose flowers with a natural scent bouquet, bumblebees clearly preferred flowers treated with inhibitors. These findings confirm that floral scents play a pronounced role in foraging decisions of flower visiting insects and support the notion that responses towards scent are animal species-specific emphasising the role of scents as floral filters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".