Politics in Colonial Ijebu, 1921-51: The Role and Challenge of the Educated Elite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As is well known, the distinctive feature of British colonial rule in most of tropical Africa was the utilization of indigenous authorities as the linchpin of local administration: the system of Indirect Rule whereby the British ruled their colonial subjects through their indigenous institutions. But one concomitant of the British presence was the introduction of Western education, and therefore the emergence of an educated class. The contrasting situation therefore developed in which the British, committed to the principles of Indirect Rule, looked askance at the political ideas of the Western-educated class — the symbols and representatives of Western civilization. The manner in which this dilemma played itself out in Ijebu is the focus of the paper. The chief feature is the opposition of the Western-educated class to political control by the indigenous ruling elite. There were three developmental phases: the first was the unsuccessful agitation of the members of the educated elite for political relevance; the second was marked by political concessions to the educated elite; and the third phase occurred when the educated elite assumed the mantle of authority. However, their success was marked by a paradox: as the new political elite, they sought to attain legitimacy by acquiring indigenous office titles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".