Influence of the Working and Counter Electrode Surface Area Ratios on the Dissolution of Platinum under Electrochemical Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potential variation of a Pt counter electrode (CE) in a three-electrode configuration is monitored as the potential of a Pt working electrode ( E WE ) follows a triangle-shaped program in 0.5 M aqueous H 2 SO 4 . The spontaneously adopted CE potential ( E CE ) is reported for different values of the ratio of geometric surface areas of WE and CE ( A geom,WE / A geom,CE ). The E CE versus time ( t ) transients are nonlinear and resemble charging/discharging curves. In the case of A geom,WE > A geom,CE, E CE adopts higher values than E WE and vice versa. In the case of A geom,WE / A geom,CE = 10/1, the values of E CE are 0.3–0.4 V higher than the highest values of E WE . The high E CE values give rise to the development of a thick surface oxide that undergoes subsequent dissolution. A novel three-compartment electrochemical cell is employed to examine simultaneously the dissolution of WE and CE and to monitor their potentials; the amount of dissolved Pt is quantitatively analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The magnitude of the A geom,WE / A geom,CE ratio has a significant impact on the CE oxidation and dissolution. The oxidation and dissolution of CE depend on the lower potential limit of WE; the amount of surface oxide and the quantity of dissolved Pt significantly increase as the WE potential limit is reduced from 0.50 to 0.05 V because CE adopts a high potential. The presence of dissolved O 2 also affects the dissolution of CE but to a lesser extent than the A geom,WE / A geom,CE ratio or the lower potential limit of WE. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of the CE morphology following prolonged potential cycling in the presence of dissolved O 2 reveals a thick surface oxide that has a dry mudlike structure. The slightly higher dissolution of CE under these conditions is attributed to physical detachment of some of the cracked surface oxide. This research advances the understanding of Pt dissolution, with some of the new knowledge being applicable to fuel cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".