Life after dance : career transition of professional dancers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
share a devotion to an art form that requires discipline, dedication and commitment. And while they also share the indignities of low pay with many other types of worker, as professionals they are uniquely committed to the long hours of effort required to perfect their art while risking physical injury and emotional distress, forging a career that is likely to begin in elementary school and end before age 40. For professional dancers reaching the end of their performing careers, the economic, psychological and educational difficulties of career transition are likely to have a profound effect on the rest of their lives. Support, advice and practical assistance for dancers facing career transition varies around the world. Dancers in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Canada are able to call on the services of established career transition centres. In other countries, however, assistance to dancers in transition is patchy or non-existent. It has become increasingly clear in recent years that career transition is a serious problem facing the dance industry worldwide. In the year 2000 the Research Center for Arts and Culture at Columbia University's Teachers College, in New York City, was approached by a board of persons knowledgeable about dance and by the International Organization for the Transition of Professional Dancers (IOTPD), based in Lausanne, Switzerland, to provide some hard data on the challenges and realities of dancers' career transition. This first study of its kind became a coordinated inquiry into the career transition of professional dancers by a research team of J an Jeffri (United States) and two cultural economists, William Baumol (United States) and David Throsby (Australia).1 The dancers included those in ballet/classical, modern/ contemporary, indigenous/folk, commercial/ show dance and other.2 The full research project included a series of country profiles illustrating the breadth of dance activity around the world, an assessment of existing transition assistance programs in various countries, and a series of three surveys undertaken in Australia, Switzerland and the United States in order to gain insights into the challenges of career change from the viewpoint of the dancer. This paper covers mainly the last of these components, presenting and discussing some of the survey results that throw light on the transition process and indicating some of the challenges that lie ahead.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".